Freud's speculations on various aspects of religion where he explains various characteristics of the Jews in their relations with the Christians.

Freud's speculations on various aspects of religion where he explains various characteristics of the Jews in their relations with the Christians.

It is widely held today that classical Islamic law frees wives from any obligation to do housework. Wives’ purported exemption from domestic labor became a talking point among Muslims responding to Orientalist stereotypes of the “oppressed Muslim woman” by the late nineteenth century, and it has been a prominent motif in writings by Muslim feminists in the United States since t...(展开全部)

In just over a hundred years—from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750—the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far afield as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its ...(展开全部)

作者簡介 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭 ( Robert G. Hoyland ) 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭是位歷史學者，專門研究中東地區中世紀的歷史。他是知名歷史學家派翠西亞‧克隆博士（Patricia Crone）的學生，曾經在英國牛津大學彭布羅克學院取得萊弗爾梅信託基金會的研究學者身分（Leverhulme Fellow）。他目前任教於美國紐約大學古代世界研究所，教授古典時代晚期和伊斯蘭早期的中東歷史。在此之前，他曾經擔任過英國牛津大學東方研究所教授，教授伊斯蘭歷史，也曾在英國蘇格蘭東海岸古鎮聖安德魯斯公立大學（University of St. Andrews）擔任歷史教授，還曾經在加州大學洛杉磯分校（UCLA）教授歷史。 霍伊蘭的研究興趣在於下列幾個重點： 1.有關在現代以前，居住在中東地區的穆斯林、猶太人和基督徒三者之間的關係； 2.在伊斯蘭興起之前和伊斯蘭興起...(展开全部)

In just over a hundred years—from the death of Muhammad in 632 to the beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate in 750—the followers of the Prophet swept across the whole of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain. Their armies threatened states as far afield as the Franks in Western Europe and the Tang Empire in China. The conquered territory was larger than the Roman Empire at its ...(展开全部)

作者簡介 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭 ( Robert G. Hoyland ) 羅伯特‧霍伊蘭是位歷史學者，專門研究中東地區中世紀的歷史。他是知名歷史學家派翠西亞‧克隆博士（Patricia Crone）的學生，曾經在英國牛津大學彭布羅克學院取得萊弗爾梅信託基金會的研究學者身分（Leverhulme Fellow）。他目前任教於美國紐約大學古代世界研究所，教授古典時代晚期和伊斯蘭早期的中東歷史。在此之前，他曾經擔任過英國牛津大學東方研究所教授，教授伊斯蘭歷史，也曾在英國蘇格蘭東海岸古鎮聖安德魯斯公立大學（University of St. Andrews）擔任歷史教授，還曾經在加州大學洛杉磯分校（UCLA）教授歷史。 霍伊蘭的研究興趣在於下列幾個重點： 1.有關在現代以前，居住在中東地區的穆斯林、猶太人和基督徒三者之間的關係； 2.在伊斯蘭興起之前和伊斯蘭興起...(展开全部)